/The Trends of Engineering System Evolution/
.. /Alex Zakharov
The development of Engineering Systems (ES) goes in a direction of increase of a value degree. The increase of the ES value is displayed in growth of the relation of the useful characteristics (functions) of engineering system (capacity, productivity, accuracy, reliability and others) to harmful actions (for example, losses, quantity of a spoilage) or to expensive factors (weight, sizes, labor expenditure for manufacturing, etc.) The increase of Engineering System value can occur as within the framework of the current ES design, and as a result of radical change of a design, with transition to a new operation principle. It can be shown in the generalized scheme. External and internal coordination of Engineering System is realized through dynamization of its elements. This dynamization can be:
- Quantitative (change of number of elements and links between them, quantity of substance; the similar characteristics can vary at fields that exists in ES;
- Qualitative (change of substance formula, internal structure of substance, properties of substance that reflects peculiarities of interaction with fields; qualitative change of fields). In consideration of the external coordination, i.e. coordination of an Engineering System tool with elements of external environment, the trend of non-uniform development is displayed in the ES (or in other words, trend of forward development of the Engineering System tool). A kind of mechanism ES dynamization is the trend of ES transition from macro- to micro level. During ES development there is the transition to use deeper properties of substances and fields, especially since it is displayed in development of a tool of Engineering System. The kind of mechanism of realization of the internal coordination of ES elements is the trend of replacing human being out of ES. During development, the Engineering System gradually performs functions that were carried out earlier by people. In case of exhaustion ES own resources for development, its associates with another Engineering System (similar, system with the changed features, inverse system, system, that was not connected with initial earlier). On the scheme it is shown by the block " ES's Combining". The ES value increase can occur and as a result of radical change of a design, principle of operation. The result is a creation of a new Engineering System. At the scheme combining of Engineering Systems leads to the same block "New ES Creation". As creation of new Engineering Systems and combining of Engineering Systems, it should satisfy the requirements of the trend of completeness of parts of the System (minimum set of elements in the ES) and trend of increase System conductivity (or in other words, presence material, field, information, functional links between elements the ES).
Numerous case studies are presented in the paper.
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